美国卫星公用平台采办模式研究

基于卫星公用平台的卫星设计、制造理念,以卫星公用平台目录作为重要的采办工具,在当今许多国家的卫星采办项目中得以应用。本文在整理美国卫星公用平台目录建设、管理与应用领域的进展情况基础上,特别是研究分析了美国国家航空航天局下属航天器快速发展办公室(RSDO)的运作情况,探讨了我国航天领域卫星公用平台型谱管理与应用的前景和方向,以及专业咨询机构在采办过程中的作用,为进一步深入实践航天产品工程理论提供了新方法、新模式。     

基于空域滤波的二维全极化散射中心快速提取

在全极化逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)体制下,二维相干极化几何绕射(CP-GTD)模型能够精确描述雷达目标高频电磁极化散射特性。针对CP-GTD模型,提出了一种基于空域滤波的二维全极化散射中心参数快速提取方法。该方法利用空域滤波将二维全极化散射中心参数提取问题分解为多个一维全极化散射中心提取问题,进而利用一维旋转不变技术(1D-ESPRIT)分步对全极化散射中心各维参数进行联合估计,最后利用最小二乘方法获得相干极化散射矩阵的估计。此外,采用这样的分步估计过程,可以实现二维参数的自动配对。复杂度分析和仿真实验表明:该方法不仅能够显著降低运算量,并且还能获得较好的估计精度,可以有效地用于目标全极化散射中心提取。     

风洞无线智能传感器网络及无线测量技术研究

风洞试验现场，特别是大型连续式风洞试验现场的电磁环境非常恶劣，而风洞实验中的测量信号又是毫伏级的微弱信号，采用传统测量方式难以克服恶劣的电磁环境对测量系统的干扰。对于运动物体或无法布线的试验环境进行参数测量时，传统测量方式完全不起作用。针对上述问题，笔者对风洞无线智能传感器网络和无线测量技术进行了研究，采用ZIGBEE技术实现了风洞无线智能传感器网络和基于该网络的无线测量模块。极大地增强了测量系统的抗干扰能力，提高了风洞试验的精细化程度，降低了测量系统的经济成本。     

Simultaneous spacecraft attitude and orbit estimation using magnetic field vector measurements

Based on magnetometer measurements only, three-axis attitude, rate, and orbit estimation are successfully achieved. A single Augmented Dynamics Extended Kalman Filter (ADEKF) is configured by combining the spacecraft nonlinear attitude dynamics and quaternion kinematics with orbital mechanics. The filter design is adopted for three-axis stabilized spacecraft in low Earth orbits where the aerodynamic drag is the dominant source of disturbances in addition to the spacecraft magnetic residuals. To reduce the computational burden, another Interlaced Extended Kalman Filter (IEKF) is developed to uncouple the attitude/rate from the orbit dynamics. Both filters are implemented using the magnetometer measurements and their corresponding time derivatives. As a part of EgyptSat-1 flight scenario, detumbling and standby modes are used for performance testing of the ADEKF. The concept of local observability is applied to the basic filter and the stability is investigated by incorporating extensive Monte Carlo simulations with uniformly distributed initial conditions. The filter shows the capability of estimating the attitude better than 5 deg and rate of order 0.03 deg/s in each axis. In orbit estimation, the filter is capable of estimating the position with accuracy less than 8 km and velocity upto 5 m/s in each axis.     

部组件振动试验中高频超差问题的探讨

文章简要介绍了振动试验系统的工作原理,描述了部组件试验中高频超差的现象。通过分析,认为振动输入条件(参考谱)、控制参数、试验夹具、装夹方式、控制点的位置选择、系统的自振频率是造成高频超差的6个主要影响因素,为此给出了相应的措施。     

无人机机载导弹落角和时间控制导引律研究

改进了一种能同时控制命中角和命中时间的修正比例导引律,将其用到无人机机载空对地导弹中,将其中的剩余时间估计加入了命中角约束的影响,旨在保证无人机机载导弹垂直命中目标的同时,使命中时间更为准确.通过对此导引律和一种仅考虑垂直命中角约束的修正比例导引律以及和改进前导引律的比较,仿真表明,此导引律使无人机机载导弹能在保证垂直...     

具有指数衰减振荡型概率密度变化规律的产品寿命分布模型

传统的机械产品可靠性模型大多忽略了周期性故障引起的概率密度的振荡特征,从而影响了模型的精度。在传统寿命模型的基础上,构建指数衰减振荡分布的可靠性模型及相应的可靠度、失效率以及平均寿命计算模型,并研究衰减系数、振荡幅值和振荡角频率等参数对概率分布特征的影响。运用建立的概率分布模型对某型叉车搭载的液力自动变速箱故障时间数据进行拟合,并与指数分布模型、三参数威布尔模型和"浴盆曲线"模型拟合结果进行对比。对比结果表明,建立的指数衰减振荡分布模型能够较好地描述该液力变速箱的无故障工作时间概率分布特征,并且采用该模型可以获得较小的拟合均方根误差。     

基于混合粒子滤波的载波估计算法

针对粒子滤波载波估计算法的高复杂度、粒子退化及贫化问题,提出了一种基于混合粒子滤波的载波估计方法.该方法引入多阶马尔科夫模型,采用多个非零均值高斯分布的加权和来近似重要性函数的最佳选择,并根据最大后验概率准则规范粒子的迭代计算.仿真结果表明,在非高斯噪声环境下,低轨卫星通信TDMA/DEQPSK(Time Division Multiple Address/Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)数据帧非合作接收载波估计时,与基于经典粒子滤波的载波估计算法相比,提高了粒子"效率",在误码性能相当的情况下,有效降低了计算复杂度.     

Navigational Aids and Spatial Memory Impairment: The Role of Divided Attention

Navigational aids impair spatial memory for experienced environments, but the cognitive mechanisms underlying impairment remain an open question. Recent evidence implicates divided attention, but to date no study has directly manipulated divided attention in navigational aid contexts. The present study addresses this need. Participants navigated virtual towns with aid presence and divided attention factorially crossed in a within-participants design. They then completed spatial memory assessments. Divided attention alone impaired spatial memory. Navigational aid presence impaired spatial memory when attention was undivided, replicating previous findings, but did not to a greater extent when attention was divided. These findings suggest that navigational aids divide attention sufficiently to impair spatial memory.     

Path visualization: a method for objective measurement of spatial visualization

ABSTRACT

The ability to mentally represent spatial information is a fundamental cognitive process. To many people, this process feels a bit like visual perception, hence the term ‘spatial visualization’. In this paper, we describe a method for measuring the accuracy of spatial visualization, specifically visualization of a complex path in imaginary space. A critical feature of this method (called Path Visualization) is that it relies on the detection of intersections in a visualized path. Intersection detection is an inherently spatial task that requires a spatial representation. In this paper, we show how the Path Visualization method works, and how it can be customized to address several key research issues in human spatial cognition.